Chinese scientists have developed an innovative material capable of changing color at the molecular level based on surrounding light, mimicking the adaptive camouflage of a chameleon. This breakthrough, which researchers claim could render individuals "effectively invisible" when applied to clothing, was detailed by lead scientist Wang Dongsheng in an interview with China Science Daily last week.

The research team from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China believes this technology has far-reaching applications, including military, architectural, and other industries.

In their study, published last month in the peer-reviewed journal Science Advances, the researchers introduced a process called self-adaptive photochromism (SAP). This approach allows materials to intrinsically change color without external power or complex electronics.

The transformation is achieved using a molecular compound that alters its structure when exposed to specific light wavelengths. This enables the material to blend seamlessly with its environment to the naked eye.

While nature’s chameleons and octopuses use active camouflage to adapt their appearance, most man-made systems rely on costly electronic devices with limited applicability. In contrast, SAP technology offers a simpler and more efficient solution.

Demonstrations Highlight Adaptive Capabilities

In one experiment, researchers placed a transparent container of SAP solution into acrylic boxes of varying colors, including red, green, and yellow, as well as a black ink control. The solution adapted to match each color. In another demonstration, the container blended with its environment when placed among color-matching plant clusters, completing the transformation in 30 to 80 seconds.

The team also developed SAP coatings by incorporating polycaprolactone (PCL), which can be applied to solid surfaces for adaptive camouflage. These coatings could have potential uses in stealth technology, encryption, and smart coatings.

Future Applications and Advancements

The material’s ability to operate within a temperature range of -20 to 70 degrees Celsius (-4 to 158 Fahrenheit) makes it suitable for diverse applications, including military and architecture.

Wang and his team have conducted foundational research on light-sensitive molecules since 2008 and aim to further refine SAP technology. Currently, the material cannot replicate all visible spectrum colors, such as purple and blue, but future research seeks to expand its range and enhance its speed.

“By adding more photochromic molecules or adjusting the material’s composition, we aim to achieve finer color distinctions and faster changes,” Wang told the South China Morning Post.

The researchers believe SAP materials could revolutionize camouflage systems, smart coatings, and even fashion design, paving the way for unprecedented advancements in adaptive technologies.